Flu Season Preparedness
Flu Season Preparation
The Influenza virus is not something
to be taken lightly. Every year the seasonal flu kills roughly 24,000 people in
the United States (CDC). While this may not seem like a high number, most, if
not all, of these deaths could easily be prevented.
The first topic of discussion for
flu season preparedness is general hygiene. On average, the typical person
thoroughly washes their hands only 6 times per day (Clean Institute).
Throughout the day, people touch many surfaces and objects used by others such
as door handles, desks, tables, pens, counter tops, and much more. Imagine
being at a store and you hand the clerk your credit card, they swipe it, and
then hand it back to you. You had not noticed that previous to your interaction
with this clerk, they had coughed into their hands. Once you leave the store,
you get something in your eye and you rub it with your hands. Guess what? You
now have the flu. This could easily be prevented by increasing the number of
times per day that you and others wash your hands. According to the CDC, 21% of
respiratory illnesses like colds and flus can be prevented through regular
thorough hand washing. (CDC, Water, Sanitation, and Environmentally-related
Hygiene).
Many people do not properly wash
their hands after using the restroom or before handling food. There are proper
procedures that need to be followed in order to greater reduce the risk of
spreading infections disease. The CDC has outline when and how to properly wash
your hands. The times in which washing your hands is necessary include: Before,
during, and after preparing food, before eating food, after caring for the ill,
after using the toilet, and after blowing your nose, sneezing, or coughing. The
following procedure should be followed when washing your hands: Wet your hands
with clean running water, later your hands with soap between fingers and under
your nails, scrub your hands for at least 20 seconds, rinse your hands with
clean running water, and finally dry your hands with a clean towel or air dry
them (CDC, When and how to wash your hands).
Another important way to prevent
getting the flu is to get your annual flu vaccine. The flu shots you get differ
from year to year depending on the projections of which strains will be most
prevalent during the upcoming flu season. Vaccines work by injecting your body
with dead or injured flu viruses so your immune system can build a tolerance to
the viruses without getting sick. If your immune system is strengthened to the
virus, then your body will be more efficient at fighting off the illness
when/if you come into contact with a live virus. Not only will you be protected
from the flu, but you will also be less likely to spread the illness to others
around you. When mass amounts of people get vaccinated for the flu, then it is
less likely that they will spread it to others that are non-vaccinated,
supporting the herd-immunity hypothesis.
While the above stated precautions
greatly decrease your risk of getting the flu, it is still possible for you to
be infected by the virus. It is very important that the flu not go untreated,
seeing as it could turn into pneumonia and other related lower respiratory
problems (CDC, Flu Preparedness). While these conditions can also be treated,
it is more likely that serious damage could occur. As stated by the CDC, the
most at risk people are children under the age of 5, adults over the age of 65,
pregnant women, and people coming into contact with many others on a daily
basis (CDC, High Risk).
Geographical
location is a large factor to consider when looking at the risk of becoming
infected by the flu virus. The most at risk locations in the United States are
the states in the southeast region of the country and in the Midwest. Warm dry
climates are least at risk and tropical regions have very minimal risk for flu
due to climate (CDC, Flu Map). However, these tropical regions, like the United
States Virgin Islands, are a hotspot for tourism during the winter months since
people try to evade the cold weather in the contiguous United States. This high
tourist traffic means that there is increased risk for spreading infectious
diseases and viruses. This is why it is imperative that citizens of the Virgin
Islands be prepare to handle the increased risk of getting the flu by getting
vaccinated and making sure to take all precautionary measures to minimize their
exposure and risk to the virus.
Symptoms
for the flu include: fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, body aches,
headache, chills, fatigue, and fever. Sometimes you can experience vomiting and
diarrhea. If you come down with the flu, be sure to seek medical attention in a
timely fashion. Doctors are able to best diagnose the condition and provide you
with the best antiviral treatment for your case. If you have been positively
diagnosed with the flu, be sure to stay home, rest, and eat vitamin rich foods
and drink lots of water. This will help your body effectively fight the
infection and will limit the risk of spreading the illness to others at work,
school, or in your community.
References:
Curtis V, Schmidt W, Luby S, Florez R, Touré O,
Biran A. Hygiene:
new hopes, new horizons. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;11(4):312-21.
Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V, Larson EL. Effect of hand hygiene on
infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis.Am J
Public Health. 2008;98(8):1372-81.
Burton M, Cobb E, Donachie P, Judah G, Curtis V,
Schmidt WP. The
effect of handwashing with water or soap on bacterial contamination of hands. Int J
Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Jan;8(1):97-104.
Aiello AE, Larson EL. What is the evidence for a
causal link between hygiene and infections? Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:103–110.
Callwood, G. B., Campbell, D., Gary, F., &
Radelet, M. L. (2012). Health and Health Care in the U.S. Virgin Islands:
Challenges and Perceptions. The ABNF Journal : Official Journal of the
Association of Black Nursing Faculty in Higher Education, Inc, 23(1),
4–7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3573759/
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